The Great Umayyad MosqueAleppo العربية
The courtyard looking east, 1993
The courtyard looking east, 1993Frank Kidner · Dumbarton Oaks · CC BY-SA 4.0

History

An Umayyad mosque at the heart of an ancient city, and centuries of fire and rebuilding.

Before IslamThe site

The city before the mosque

Roman building stood on this part of old Aleppo, and the city's cathedral stood beside it.

715 CEFoundation

Al-Walid I begins the building

Ten years after the Umayyad Mosque of Damascus, the Umayyad caliph al-Walid begins the great mosque of Aleppo, intended to equal it.

717 CECompletion

Sulayman finishes it

Al-Walid dies before the work is done; his brother and successor Sulayman completes it.

1090–1094The minaret

The minaret is renewed

At the order of the qadi of Aleppo, Ibn al-Khashshab, and built by the architect Hasan ibn Mufarraj al-Sarmani: forty-five metres in six storeys, banded with inscription, ornament and muqarnas.

12th c.Fire and rebuilding

Nur al-Din rebuilds the mosque

The mosque burns and Nur al-Din rebuilds it. Sources give 1158 and 1169; we have not chosen between them.

1260The Mongols

Damage, then repair

The mosque is damaged in the Mongol invasion, and parts of it rebuilt afterwards.

Mamluk and OttomanAdditions

Centuries of intervention

Successive Mamluk and then Ottoman additions and repairs.

1986World Heritage

The Ancient City of Aleppo

The Ancient City of Aleppo is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, with the mosque at its heart.

2012–2016The war

The mosque on the front line

The mosque lies in the zone of fighting and is extensively damaged.

April 2013The minaret

The minaret falls

The minaret of 1090 collapses into roughly two thousand pieces. The event and its condition are recorded here; the cause is not attributed.

2013In Danger

Aleppo moves to the Danger list

The Ancient City of Aleppo is placed, with the rest of Syria's World Heritage sites, on the List of World Heritage in Danger.

From 2017Restoration

Awqaf resumes the work

Restoration resumes at the mosque, and the minaret's stones are gathered, sorted and tested in preparation for raising it again.

TodayNow

The work is under way

The minaret stands as far as the level of the spiral staircase, in its own original stone. No completion date has been announced.

The prayer hall, looking along the aisles, 2010
The prayer hall, looking along the aisles, 2010Dosseman · CC BY-SA 4.0